English has more words than any other language — but speakers use fewer than 1% of the dictionary in daily life.

Whistled languages, like Silbo Gomero in the Canary Islands, encode full speech and are UNESCO Heritage.

Noam Chomsky proposed humans have an innate 'universal grammar' — a built-in capacity for language.

Some languages have no word for 'left' and 'right' — speakers always use cardinal directions (north, south, east, west).

Children typically master the grammar of their native language by age 5 — without explicit instruction.

The Sumerian language died as a spoken tongue around 2000 BC but continued as a liturgical language for centuries.

British English and American English diverged significantly after 1776 — American English preserved older British forms.

Sign languages are complete natural languages — they are not universal and vary by country.

The framing effect shows how wording affects decisions.