A single lightning bolt contains about one billion joules of energy but lasts only a fraction of a second.

Lightning can heat air hotter than the surface of the Sun.

A fire tornado is a spinning column of fire — they can reach 1,600°C and heights of over 100 meters.

Volcanic lightning is caused by static electricity from ash particles colliding during eruption.

Carbon sequestration by trees depends heavily on species, age, and climate — old-growth forests store more carbon than plantations.

The largest man-made hole in the world is the Bingham Canyon copper mine in Utah — 4 km wide and 1.2 km deep.

Certain plants close their leaves when touched as a defense response.

Some trees can communicate with each other using underground fungal networks.

There is a river in Colombia called Caño Cristales that turns bright red, yellow, green, and blue — it's called the liquid rainbow.